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Colorectal Cancer Increasing In Young Adults
A new study finds that in sharp contrast to the overall declining rates of colorectal cancer in the United States, incidence rates among adults younger than age 50 years are increasing. The authors theorize that these increases may be related to rising rates of obesity and changes in dietary patterns, including increased consumption of fast food. The study, which appears in the June 2009 issue of Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, says further studies are necessary to elucidate causes for this trend and to identify potential prevention and early detection strategies.
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About 75% Of People In Rwanda Who Have Experienced Discrimination Are HIV-Positive, Survey Finds
A recently released survey on stigma in Rwanda indicates that at least 74% of people in various segments of society who have experienced discrimination are HIV-positive, the New Times/AllAfrica.com reports. The discrimination often is in the form of isolation from family and physical harassment, according to the survey. The study was conducted by the Association of Vulnerable Widows Infected and Affected by HIV and AIDS in conjunction with the Network of People Living with HIV and UNAIDS Rwanda. It found that although 87% of respondents reported never having been denied health services, 88% reported being denied other social services, such as family planning, because of their HIV status. An estimated one-third of respondents reported that their rights had been abused because of their HIV-positive status. Chantal Nyiramanyana, AVVAIS president, said, "We conducted this survey as a way of providing basis for advocacy, policy change, and programmatic interventions by the government and other interested bodies to address stigma and discrimination related to HIV." The survey found that other groups experiencing stigma in the country include commercial sex workers and asylum seekers (Kwizera, New Times/AllAfrica.com, 5/27).
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Skills For Catheter Insertion Improved By Simulation Training
New technology allows student doctors to practice operations and other procedures on simulators before trying them out on real patients, just as pilots practice for emergencies on aircraft simulators. Medical educators feel that this will increase patient safety, by avoiding first-time mistakes being made on live patients. But does education by simulation actually work? Can doctors learn new skills on simulators instead of on humans?
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Treatment Lightens Teenage Depression's Heavy Toll, Lowers Suicide Risk, Says Packard/Stanford Child Psychiatrist

Help is available - and essential - for teenagers struggling with depression and suicidal thoughts. In the wake of two recent teen suicides in Palo Alto, Calif., child and adolescent psychiatrist Frances Wren, MD, is working to raise community awareness of mental-health res for young people. Wren, who directs the Child and Adolescent Depression Clinic at Lucile Packard Children"s Hospital at Stanford, hopes to clarify the warning signs of teen depression and counteract the stigma teens or families may feel about seeking treatment. Recognizing the link between depression and suicidal thoughts is an important first step in preventing teen suicides. "A very large majority of people who die by suicide are suffering a psychiatric illness. About two-thirds are depressed, and often that depression has been present a year or longer," said Wren, who is also an assistant professor of psychiatry and of pediatrics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Teenage depression is common, she noted, with 15 percent of teens experiencing an episode of clinical depression before they reach adulthood. Though teen suicides are rare, suicide attempts are more widespread, and all cases of depression should be taken seriously. Parents of teens who notice depression warning signs such as sustained changes in mood, deterioration in grades, withdrawal from friends or loss of interest in usual activities should seek help, Wren said. "Depression is not just sadness," she said. "Patterns of irritability, anger and acting withdrawn can also signal depression." The good news is that effective treatments for depression are available; the challenge is that, because depression sufferers feel hopeless, it"s often necessary for another person to take the initiative in seeking treatment. The first step in getting help is to talk to your child. "Many of us feel some sense of discomfort about this, but it"s important to ask, "How are you doing?"" Wren said. "Don"t be afraid to ask if they"re feeling sad or down, and don"t be afraid to ask if your child is having suicidal thoughts." Such a question does not increase the risk that a teen will make a suicide attempt, and will send the message that it"s OK to talk about the problem. "Then, if you believe your teen is depressed, it"s very important that they have an evaluation, ideally by a licensed mental health professional," Wren said. Some high school counseling centers have the right res for such an evaluation. Parents can also approach their primary care physician or minister for guidance to a mental health professional. Even if the teen does not want to be evaluated, mental health professionals can meet with the parent to discuss his or her concerns about their child, added Wren, who has extensive experience treating teens for depression and suicidal thoughts. It"s also important for parents to play a supportive role when their son or daughter is part of a community where a suicide has occurred. "You can say, "I find myself thinking about this,"" Wren said. "Knowing you want to talk to them opens the door for discussion with your children." Friends can also provide important support in such circumstances, especially by getting help from an adult if they suspect a teen they know is contemplating suicide. "Young people may worry that seeking help from an adult would be disloyal to their friend, but it is vital to get depression sufferers effective help," Wren said. Finally, Wren emphasized the importance of dispelling myths about teen suicide. "Every individual suicide is complicated," she said. "There is never a single event or a single thing said that fully explains a suicide." More information about Child and Adolescent Psychiatry services at Lucile Packard Children"s Hospital is available by calling (650) 723-5511 or online at http://www.psychiatry.lpch.org. In addition to seeking a mental health professional, parents and others concerned about a teen"s mental state can get information and help from the res below: http://tinyurl.com/lpchres Res for the media on responsible reporting about suicide are also available at the above link. Lucile Packard Children"s Hospital


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