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New HIV Study Shows That Large Numbers Of Women And People Of Color Can Be Successfully Enrolled In U.S. HIV Clinical Studies
Data from a historic HIV study demonstrate that it is possible to recruit large numbers of women, African Americans and Latinos into U.S.-based HIV-1 treatment studies. The study, known as GRACE, is the largest study to date in treatment-experienced adult women with HIV-1 to examine gender and race differences in response to an HIV-1 therapy -- PREZISTA(R) (darunavir) coadministered with ritonavir as part of combination therapy. GRACE findings were presented at the 5th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention (IAS 2009) in Cape Town, South Africa.

Risk For Sleep Apnea In Musicians May Be Reduced By Playing A High Resistance Wind Instrument
The naturalistic respiratory muscle training with high resistance wind instruments may potentially reduce musicians" risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), according to a research abstract presented at SLEEP 2009, the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies.
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New Path For Cocaine Addiction Research
Cocaine is one of the oldest drugs known to humans, and its abuse has become widespread since the end of the 19th century. At the same time, we know rather little about its effects on the human brain or the mechanisms that lead to cocaine addiction. The latest article by Dr. Marco Leyton, of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, which was published in the journal Biological Psychiatry on May 15, 2009, not only demonstrates a link between cocaine and the reward circuits in the brain but also associates the susceptibility to addiction with these mechanisms.
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Treatment Lightens Teenage Depression's Heavy Toll, Lowers Suicide Risk, Says Packard/Stanford Child Psychiatrist

Help is available - and essential - for teenagers struggling with depression and suicidal thoughts. In the wake of two recent teen suicides in Palo Alto, Calif., child and adolescent psychiatrist Frances Wren, MD, is working to raise community awareness of mental-health res for young people. Wren, who directs the Child and Adolescent Depression Clinic at Lucile Packard Children"s Hospital at Stanford, hopes to clarify the warning signs of teen depression and counteract the stigma teens or families may feel about seeking treatment. Recognizing the link between depression and suicidal thoughts is an important first step in preventing teen suicides. "A very large majority of people who die by suicide are suffering a psychiatric illness. About two-thirds are depressed, and often that depression has been present a year or longer," said Wren, who is also an assistant professor of psychiatry and of pediatrics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Teenage depression is common, she noted, with 15 percent of teens experiencing an episode of clinical depression before they reach adulthood. Though teen suicides are rare, suicide attempts are more widespread, and all cases of depression should be taken seriously. Parents of teens who notice depression warning signs such as sustained changes in mood, deterioration in grades, withdrawal from friends or loss of interest in usual activities should seek help, Wren said. "Depression is not just sadness," she said. "Patterns of irritability, anger and acting withdrawn can also signal depression." The good news is that effective treatments for depression are available; the challenge is that, because depression sufferers feel hopeless, it"s often necessary for another person to take the initiative in seeking treatment. The first step in getting help is to talk to your child. "Many of us feel some sense of discomfort about this, but it"s important to ask, "How are you doing?"" Wren said. "Don"t be afraid to ask if they"re feeling sad or down, and don"t be afraid to ask if your child is having suicidal thoughts." Such a question does not increase the risk that a teen will make a suicide attempt, and will send the message that it"s OK to talk about the problem. "Then, if you believe your teen is depressed, it"s very important that they have an evaluation, ideally by a licensed mental health professional," Wren said. Some high school counseling centers have the right res for such an evaluation. Parents can also approach their primary care physician or minister for guidance to a mental health professional. Even if the teen does not want to be evaluated, mental health professionals can meet with the parent to discuss his or her concerns about their child, added Wren, who has extensive experience treating teens for depression and suicidal thoughts. It"s also important for parents to play a supportive role when their son or daughter is part of a community where a suicide has occurred. "You can say, "I find myself thinking about this,"" Wren said. "Knowing you want to talk to them opens the door for discussion with your children." Friends can also provide important support in such circumstances, especially by getting help from an adult if they suspect a teen they know is contemplating suicide. "Young people may worry that seeking help from an adult would be disloyal to their friend, but it is vital to get depression sufferers effective help," Wren said. Finally, Wren emphasized the importance of dispelling myths about teen suicide. "Every individual suicide is complicated," she said. "There is never a single event or a single thing said that fully explains a suicide." More information about Child and Adolescent Psychiatry services at Lucile Packard Children"s Hospital is available by calling (650) 723-5511 or online at http://www.psychiatry.lpch.org. In addition to seeking a mental health professional, parents and others concerned about a teen"s mental state can get information and help from the res below: http://tinyurl.com/lpchres Res for the media on responsible reporting about suicide are also available at the above link. Lucile Packard Children"s Hospital


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